Page 434 - SELECTED WORKS OF ZHOU ENLAI Volume I

428 NOTES
was a feudal-patriarchal organization, deeply tinged with religious superstition, and
was often bought over and used by bureaucrats and warlords. Nevertheless, it played
a certain role in the 1911 Revolution. When Chiang Kai-shek staged his coup d’état
in 1927, the Green Band chieftains in Shanghai, Wuhan and other places served as
his tools in massacring Communists and suppressing the revolution.
The Big Sword Society, a secret society which emerged at the end of the Qing
Dynasty, was a branch of the Bailian (White Lotus) religious sect. The Society op-
erated mainly in Shandong, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. The majority of its
members were poor peasants. It was deeply tinged with feudal superstition. Though
it did conduct struggles against feudal oppression and foreign missionaries in a
number of areas and join the patriotic anti-imperialist Yi He Tuan Movement, it was
often used by feudal landlords to suppress peasant uprisings. p. 127
122 Dong Biwu (1885-1975) was one of the founders of the Communist Party of
China. In 1924 he served as secretary of the Wuhan Prefectural Committee and mem-
ber of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the CPC. He directed the setting up of
the Kuomintang headquarters in Hubei Province and was made a member of its
standing committee. p. 130
123 Chen Tanqiu (1896-1943) was one of the founders of the Communist Party of
China. After 1924 he served successively as secretary of the Wuhan Prefectural Party
Committee and member of the Hubei Party Committee and concurrently head of its
Organization Department. He also helped in setting up the Kuomintang headquarters
in Hubei Province. In 1939 he was the representative of the Communist Party and
chief of the Office of the Eighth Route Army in Xinjiang. He was arrested by warlord
Sheng Shicai in 1942 and was secretly killed in September 1943. He was elected a
member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Com-
munist Party of China held in Yan’an in 1945, the news of his death not yet having
reached Yan’an. pp. 130, 208
124 He Shuheng (1875-1935) was one of the founders of the Communist Party of
China. He was a leading member of the Hunan Committee of the CPC and principal
of the Xiangjiang Middle School. He helped reorganize the Kuomintang headquar-
ters in Hunan Province. In 1931, he was a member of the Workers’ and Peasants’
Control Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet
Republic and President of the Supreme People’s Court. After the Red Army left on
the Long March in 1934, he stayed behind in the base area to carry on the struggle. In
February 1935 he was killed in battle while attempting to break through the enemy’s
encirclement in Changding, Fujian Province. p. 130
125
Xia Xi (1900-36) joined the Communist Party in 1921. At the time of the
Northern Expedition, he was a member of the Hunan Committee of the CPC and was
elected an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang
at its Second National Congress. He helped set up the Kuomintang headquarters in
Hunan Province and was made a member of its standing committee. p. 130
126
Xuan Zhonghua (1898-1927) joined the Communist Party in 1923 and was one
of the leaders of its Hangzhou Prefectural Committee. In 1924 he took part in pre-
paratory work for the establishment of the Kuomintang headquarters in Zhejiang
Province and was elected a member of its executive and standing committees. He
was arrested by the Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries in Shanghai on April 11, 1927,
and died a martyr the next day. p. 130
127 Hou Shaoqiu (1896-1927) joined the Communist Party in 1923. In 1926 he
became a member of the standing committee of the Kuomintang headquarters in