Page 215 - SELECTED WORKS OF DENG XIAOPING Volume III

HOW TO JUDGE THE SOUNDNESS OF
A COUNTRY’S POLITICAL SYSTEM

March 27, 1987

There are three important criteria for judging the soundness of a
country’s political system or structure and of its policies. First, whether the
country is politically stable; second, whether the system and policies help to
strengthen unity among the people and to raise their living standards; and
third, whether the productive forces keep developing. In the last eight years
we have scored some achievements in these three respects. Still, ours is a
country with a huge population, a vast territory and a poor economic
foundation to start with, so we have many difficulties to overcome. Nev-
ertheless, I think our future is bright.
We should not shout empty slogans about socialism, for socialism cannot
be built on the basis of poverty. Since conditions differ from one country to
another, their policies should also differ. In our effort to build socialism we
stress that it must have specifically Chinese characteristics. We have pro-
found faith in Marxism, but we must integrate it with Chinese realities. Only
Marxism that is integrated with Chinese realities is the genuine Marxism we
need. It is on this understanding that we have been striving to attain our
development goals.
Peasants constitute 80 per cent of our population. So without the
initiative of the peasants, China cannot develop. Eight years ago we intro-
duced the open policy in the countryside, and it has proved successful. The
initiative of the peasants has been aroused. The output of farm products has
substantially increased and a great amount of surplus labour in the country-
side has moved to new, rising small and medium-sized enterprises or to new,
rising cities and towns. This may be the only solution for the surplus labour
in the countryside. In any event, peasants should not be confined to small
plots of land forever. If they were, how could they prosper?

Excerpt from a talk with President Paul Biya of the Republic of Cameroon.

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